Frequency Atlas

Paiste Planetary Gong — Saturn

147.85 Hz

Nearest note: D3, 12 cents above standard tuning

A planet gong pitch. Paiste tunes its Saturn gong to 147.85 Hz.

How well is this supported?

DerivedInstrument

Calculated from a measured value by a stated method. You can check the arithmetic. What the result means is a matter of interpretation.

This entry gives a typical pitch for an instrument. Real instruments vary.

What the four labels meanChecked against sources September 27, 2026

The button plays a plain tone. Start with the volume low. Phone and laptop speakers play low notes quietly; headphones or a speaker help.

Where this number comes from

Paiste tunes its Saturn gong to 147.85 Hz. The tuning comes from Hans Cousto's tables. Cousto took the time Saturn takes to orbit the Sun, about 29.5 years, and doubled its frequency 37 times, until it became a tone people can hear. Paiste names the gong by its lowest tone, D2 at 73.92 Hz. That is the same note one octave lower, which means half the frequency.

  1. Step 1. Start with the length of the cycle

    Saturn orbit around the Sun: 10,759.22 days.

  2. Step 2. Turn it into a frequency

    One divided by that many seconds is 1.08 × 10⁻⁹ Hz. That is far too slow to hear.

  3. Step 3. Double it 37 times

    Doubling a frequency raises it by one octave: the same note, higher. After 37 doublings it is 147.85 Hz.

  4. Step 4. Name the note

    147.85 Hz is a D, 12 cents above standard tuning. A cent is one hundredth of the step between two neighboring piano keys. To play in tune with this tone, an instrument sets its A to 443.04 Hz instead of 440.

  5. Step 5. Keep doubling and the number lands in the range of light

    42 more doublings give the frequency of light with a wavelength of 461 nm, which is blue. This is arithmetic. It pairs a tone with a color; it does not show that the two are connected.

The method is Hans Cousto’s. Planet gongs explained walks through it and says what it does and does not show.

What is said about it

What is said, not what was measured

In planetary gong practice this gong is associated with focus, discipline and karmic work, and with the principle of form and limitation. Its tone is described as structured and sobering.

Facts

Frequency
147.85 Hz
Wavelength in air (20 °C)
2.32 m
Nearest note
D3, 12 cents above standard tuning
Kind of statement
Instrument
Filed under
Instruments & gongs

Tuning Data

The row for this tone in Hans Cousto’s tables, with the tempo and pendulum length that follow from it.

Cycle
Saturn orbit around the Sun
Length of the cycle
10,759.22 days
Octaves up
37
Concert pitch (A)
443.04 Hz
Difference from A = 440 Hz
+11.93 cents
Tempo
69.30 beats per minute
Pendulum length
18.6 cm / 7.33 in
Color by octave
Blue (461 nm)
Tempo and pendulum length, octave by octave
OctaveFrequencyOne cycleTempoPendulum
30tempo1.16 Hz865.74 ms69.30 BPM18.6 cm
312.31 Hz432.87 ms138.61 BPM4.7 cm
324.62 Hz216.44 ms277.22 BPM1.2 cm
339.24 Hz108.22 msToo fast to countToo short to build
3418.48 Hz54.11 msToo fast to countToo short to build
3536.96 Hz27.05 msToo fast to countToo short to build
3673.93 Hz13.53 msToo fast to countToo short to build
37tone147.85 Hz6.76 msToo fast to countToo short to build
Intervals built on this tone
RatioIntervalFrequencyNoteConcert ACents from 440
1/1Perfect unison147.85 HzD3443.05 Hz+11.96
81/80Syntonic comma149.70 HzD3448.59 Hz+33.46
531441/524288Pythagorean comma149.87 HzD3449.09 Hz+35.42
128/125Diesis151.40 HzD#3428.22 Hz-46.98
648/625Greater diesis153.29 HzD#3433.57 Hz-25.48
25/24Chroma154.01 HzD#3435.61 Hz-17.37
16/15Diatonic semitone157.71 HzD#3446.06 Hz+23.69
10/9Minor whole tone164.28 HzE3438.57 Hz-5.64
9/8Major whole tone166.33 HzE3444.05 Hz+15.87
8/7Septimal whole tone168.97 HzE3451.10 Hz+43.13
6/5Minor third177.42 HzF3447.07 Hz+27.60
5/4Major third184.81 HzF#3439.56 Hz-1.73
4/3Perfect fourth197.13 HzG3442.55 Hz+10
3/2Perfect fifth221.77 HzA3443.55 Hz+13.91
8/5Minor sixth236.56 HzA#3446.57 Hz+25.64
5/3Major sixth246.42 HzB3439.06 Hz-3.68
7/4Natural seventh258.74 HzC4435.14 Hz-19.22
16/9Pythagorean minor seventh262.84 HzC4442.05 Hz+8.05
9/5Just minor seventh266.13 HzC4447.58 Hz+29.55
15/8Major seventh277.22 HzC#4440.06 Hz+0.23
2/1Octave295.70 HzD4443.05 Hz+11.96

Source notes

Cousto’s table uses 10,759.22 days. NASA currently lists Saturn’s period as 10,755.70 days. The difference moves the tone by about half a cent.

Source: Hans Cousto — Tuning Data / Sun Earth Moon Planets. View the source PDF, page 33.

License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as stated in Stimmdaten.pdf (German edition), page 2.

Values are reproduced from Cousto’s tables. Tempo, pendulum length and interval tables are calculated by this site from those values.

See every tone in the tables: Open the tuning data reference.

Sources

More about the pitch

The same note in every octave

Each step doubles or halves the frequency. Tap one to hear it.

Entries close in pitch

Within 35 cents of this tone, in any octave. A cent is one hundredth of the step between two neighboring piano keys. Being close in pitch does not mean two things are connected.

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